Formative Assessment

Formative assessment is an ongoing process that takes place during the learning experience. It is used to monitor student learning and provide continuous feedback to both students and instructors. This type of assessment helps to identify strengths and areas for improvement, guiding the teaching and learning process.

Purpose:
To provide feedback that can be used to improve teaching and learning.
To identify students’ strengths and areas that need improvement.
To engage students in the learning process.

Examples:
Quizzes, Classroom discussions, Peer reviews, Homework assignments, In-class activities, Observations

Advantages:
Helps in early identification of learning issues.
Encourages active student participation.
Allows for adjustments in teaching methods.

Disadvantages:
Can be time-consuming.
May require frequent adjustments to teaching plans.
Potential for inconsistent feedback if not well-structured.

Summative Assessment

Summative assessment is conducted at the end of an instructional period to evaluate student learning, skill acquisition, and academic achievement. This type of assessment measures the extent to which learning objectives have been met.

Purpose:
To evaluate student learning at the conclusion of an instructional period.
To provide a final grade or score.
To assess the effectiveness of instructional programs and services.

Examples:
Final exams, End-of-term projects, Standardized tests, End-of-unit tests, Performance tasks

Advantages:
Provides a clear measurement of student learning.
Can motivate students to study and perform well.
Useful for making administrative decisions.

Disadvantages:
High-stakes nature can cause stress for students.
May not provide timely feedback for improvement.
Can encourage teaching to the test rather than comprehensive learning.

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